Three ways to work with XML in PHP

‘Some people, when confronted with a problem, think “I know, I’ll use XML.”  Now they have two problems.’
– stolen from somewhere

• DOM is a standard, language-independent API for heirarchical data such as XML which has been standardized by the W3C. It is a rich API with much functionality. It is object based, in that each node is an object.DOM is good when you not only want to read, or write, but you want to do a lot of manipulation of nodes an existing document, such as inserting nodes between others, changing the structure, etc.
• SimpleXML is a PHP-specific API which is also object-based but is intended to be a lot less ‘terse’ than the DOM: simple tasks such as finding the value of a node or finding its child elements take a lot less code. Its API is not as rich than DOM, but it still includes features such as XPath lookups, and a basic ability to work with multiple-namespace documents. And, importantly, it still preserves all features of your document such as XML CDATA sections and comments, even though it doesn’t include functions to manipulate them.
  SimpleXML is very good for read-only: if all you want to do is read the XML document and convert it to another form, then it’ll save you a lot of code. It’s also fairly good when you want to generate a document, or do basic manipulations such as adding or changing child elements or attributes, but it can become complicated (but not impossible) to do a lot of manipulation of existing documents. It’s not easy, for example, to add a child element in between two others; addChild only inserts after other elements. SimpleXML also cannot do XSLT transformations. It doesn’t have things like ‘getElementsByTagName’ or getElementById’, but if you know XPath you can still do that kind of thing with SimpleXML.
  The SimpleXMLElement object is somewhat ‘magical’. The properties it exposes if you var_dump/print_r/var_export don’t correspond to its complete internal representation, and end up making SimpleXML look more simplistic than it really is. It exposes some of its child elements as if they were properties which can be accessed with the -> operator, but still preserves the full document internally, and you can do things like access a child element whose name is a reserved word with the [] operator as if it was an associative array.

You don’t have to fully commit to one or the other, because PHP implements the functions:

• simplexml_import_dom(DOMNode)
• dom_import_simplexml(SimpleXMLElement)

This is helpful if you are using SimpleXML and need to work with code that expects a DOM node or vice versa.

PHP also offers a third XML library:

• XML Parser (an implementation of SAX, a language-independent interface, but not referred to by that name in the manual) is a much lower level library, which serves quite a different purpose. It doesn’t build objects for you. It basically just makes it easier to write your own XML parser, because it does the job of advancing to the next token, and finding out the type of token, such as what tag name is and whether it’s an opening or closing tag, for you. Then you have to write callbacks that should be run each time a token is encountered. All tasks such as representing the document as objects/arrays in a tree, manipulating the document, etc will need to be implemented separately, because all you can do with the XML parser is write a low level parser.
  The XML Parser functions are still quite helpful if you have specific memory or speed requirements. With it, it is possible to write a parser that can parse a very long XML document without holding all of its contents in memory at once. Also, if you not interested in all of the data, and don’t need or want it to be put into a tree or set of PHP objects, then it can be quicker. For example, if you want to scan through an XHTML document and find all the links, and you don’t care about structure.